Curriculum

The teaching programme adheres to the stipulations laid out by the Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore and is approved by the Government of Karnataka and the Dental Council of India, New Delhi.

BDS – ORTHODONTICS & DENTAL ORTHOPAEDICS

Mode of teaching	III BDS	IV BDS
Theory	20 hours	30 hours
Practical/clinical	70 hours	100 hours
Total	90 hours	130hours

1.Teaching Hours

2.Schedule of Examinations

The University shall conduct two examinations annually at an interval of not less than four to six months as notified by the University from time to time.

A candidate who satisfies the requirement of attendance, progress and conduct as stipulated by the university shall be eligible to appear in the University examination. Certificate to the above effect should be produced from the Head of the Institution along with the application for examination and the prescribed fee.

3.Scheme of Examination

The scheme of examination of B.D.S. course shall be divided into 4 professional examinations, viz.,I.B.D.S. Examination at the end of first academic year, II B.D.S. at the end of second academic year,

III B.D.S. at the end of third academic year and Final year B.D.S. examination at the end of fourth academic year.

4.Internal Assessment

The internal assessment need not be limited to written tests. It should relate to other items such as maintenance of records, participation in seminars and group discussions, clinical case study, proficiency in carrying out practical or clinical skill or participation in projects and assignmentsn(even) during vacation. These be evaluated objectively and recorded. The weightage given to internal assessment is 10% out of total marks assigned for a subject separetely for theory and practical/clinical examinations.

A minimum of three internal assessments to be held in an academic year and the average of these tests shall be sent to the university.

5.University Examination:

There shall be two examinations annually conducted at an interval of not less than four to six months. The written examination in each subject shall consist of one paper of three hours duration and shall have maximum of 70 marks.

Orthodontics and dentofacial orthopaedics theory and practical exams will be held at the end of final year.

 6.Type of questions and distribution of marks:

Each question paper shall be of 3 hours duration, carrying maximum marks of 70. There shall be three types of questions with distribution of marks as shown 

Type of questions	No.of questions	Marks of questions	Total
Long essay type	2	10	20
Short essay type	8	5	40
Short answer type	5	2	10
Grand total			70

7.Distribution of Marks in University Examination and Internal Assessment

Theory				Practical			Grand total
University paper	Viva voice	Internals	total	University paper	Internals	total	200
70	20	10	100	90	10	100

 8.III YEAR B.D.S – COURSE SYLLABUS:

Sl No	Subject	Hours
1.	Introduction, Definition, Historical Background, Aims and Objectives of Orthodontics and Need for Orthodontic care.	1 Hour
2.	Growth and Development: In General a. Definition b. Growth spurts and Differential growth c. Factors influencing growth and development d. Methods of measuring growth e. Growth theories (Genetic, Sicher’s, Scott’s, Moss’s, Petrovics, Multifactorial) f. Genetic and epigenetic factors in growth g. Cephalocaudal gradient in growth Morphologic Development of Craniofacial Structures a. Methods of Bone growth b. Prenatal growth of craniofacial structures c. Postnatal growth and development of: cranial base, maxilla, mandible, dental arches and occlusion	6 Hours
3.	Functional Development of Dental Arches and Occlusion a. Factors influencing functional development of dental arches and occlusion b. Forces of occlusion c. Wolfe’s law of transformation of bone d. Trajectories of forces Clinical Application of Growth and Development	2 Hours
4.	Malocclusion – In General a. Concept of normal occlusion b. Definition of malocclusion c. Description of different types of Dental, skeletal and functional malocclusion Classification of Malocclusion Principle, description, advantages and disadvantages of classification of malocclusion by Angle and modification, Simon, Lischer and Ackerman and Proffitt.	3 Hours
5.	Normal and Abnormal Function of Stomatognathic System	1 Hour
6.	Aetiology of Malocclusion a. Definition, importance, classification, local and general aetiological factors b. Etiology of following different types of malocclusion i. Midline diastema ii. Spacing iii. Crowding iv. Cross-Bite: Anterior / Posterior v. Class III Malocclusion vi. Class II Malocclusion vii. Deep Bite viii. Open Bite	3 Hours
7.	Diagnosis and Diagnostic Aids a. Definition, Importance and classification of diagnostic aids b. Importance of case history and clinical examination in orthodontics c. Study Models: – Importance and uses – Preparation and preservation of study models d. Importance of intraoral X-rays in orthodontics e. Panoramic radiographs – Principles, Advantages, Disadvantages and uses f. Cephalometrics: Its advantages and disadvantages i. Definition ii. Description and use of cephalostat iii. Description and uses of anatomical landmarks lines and angles used in cephalometric and analysis iv. Analysis – Steiner’s, Down’s, Tweed’s. Ricket’s E-line g. Electromyography and its use in orthodontics h. Wrist X-rays and its importance in orthodontics	4 Hours

CLINICALS AND PRATICALS IN ORTHODONTICS DURING III B.D.S – 70 Hours

PRATICAL TRAINING DURING III B.D.S

1. Basic wire bending exercises Gauge 22 or 0.7mm
   1. Straightening of wires (4 Nos)
   2. Bending of equilateral triangle
   3. Bending of a rectangle
   4. Bending of a square
   5. Bending of a circle
   6. Bending of U.V.
2. Construction of Clasps (upper / lower) Gauge 22 or 0.7mm
   1. ¾ clasp (C-Clasp)
   2. Full clasp (Jackson’s Crib)
   3. Adam’s Clasp
   4. Triangular Clasp
3. Construction of Springs (On upper both sides) Gauge 24 or 0.5mm
   1. Finger Spring
   2. Single Cantilever Spring
   3. Double Cantilever Spring (Z-Spring)
   4. T-Springs on premolars
4. Construction of Canine retractors Gauge 23 or 0.6mm
   1. U – loop canine retractor (Upper and lower)
   2. Helical canine retractor (Upper and lower)
   3. Buccal canine retractor: – Self supported Buccal canine retractor with
      1. Sleeve – 5mm wire of 24 Gauge
      2. Sleeve – 19 Gauge needle on any one side
   4. Palatal canine retractor on upper both sides – Gauge 23 or 0.6mm
5. Labial Bow
   1. Gauge 22 or 0.7mm
   2. One on both upper and lower

CLINICAL TRAINING DURING III B.D.S

1. Making upper Alginate impression
2. Making lower Alginate impression
3. Study model preparation
4. Model Analysis
   1. Pont’s Analysis
   2. Ashley Howe’s Analysis
   3. Carey’s Analysis
   4. Bolton’s Analysis
   5. Moyer’s Mixed Dentition analysis
   6. Huckaba’s Analysis

9.IV BDS CURRICULUM

TEACHING HOURS:

Mode of Teaching	IV Year B.D.S
Theory	30 Hours
Clinical	130 Hours
Total	160 Hours

 IV YEAR – COURSE SYLLABUS:

Sl No	Subject	Hours
1.	General Principles in Orthodontic Treatment Planning of Dental and Skeletal Malocclusions	1 Hour
2.	Anchorage in Orthodontics – Definition, Classification, Types and Stability of Anchorage	2 Hours
3.	Biomechanical Principles in Orthodontic Tooth movement a. Different types of tooth movements b. Tissue response to orthodontic force application c. Age factor in orthodontic tooth movement	2 Hours
4.	Preventive Orthodontics a. Definition b. Different procedures undertaken in preventive orthodontics and their limitations Interceptive Orthodontics a. Definition b. Different procedures undertaken in interceptive procedure c. Serial Extraction: Definition, indications, contra-indication, technique, advantages and disadvantages d. Role of muscle exercise as an interceptive orthodontics	Will Be Covered by Department of Pedodontia
5.	Corrective orthodontics a. Definition, factors to be considered during treatment planning b. Model analysis: Pont’s, Ashley Howe’s, Bolton, Careys, Moyer’s Mixed Dentition Analysis c. Methods of gaining space in the arch: – Indications, relative merits and demerits of proximal stripping, arch expansion and extractions d. Extractions in Orthodontics – indications and selection of teeth for extraction	2 Hours
6.	Orthodontic Appliances: General a. Requisites for orthodontic appliances b. Classification, indications of Removable and Functional Appliances c. Methods of force application d. Materials used in construction of various orthodontic appliances – use of stainless steel, technical considerations in curing of acrylic, Prinicples of welding and soldering, fluxes and antifluxes e. Preliminary knowledge of acid etching and direct bonding	2 Hours
7.	REMOVABLE ORTHODONTIC APPLIANCE a. Components of removable appliances b. Different type of clasps and their use c. Different type of labial bows and their use d. Different types of springs and their use e. Expansion appliances in orthodontics i. Principles ii. Indication for arch expansion iii. Description of expansion appliances and different types of expansion devices and their uses iv. Rapid maxillary expansion	2 Hours
8.	FIXED ORTHODONTIC APPLIANCES a. Definition, Indication and Contraindications b. Component parts and their uses c. Basic principles of different techniques: Edgewise, Begg straight wire	2 Hours
9.	EXTRAORAL APPLIANCES a. Headgears b. Chincup c. Reverse pull headgears	1 Hour
10.	MYOFUNCTIONAL APPLIANCES a. Definition and principles b. Muscle exercises and their uses in orthodontics c. Functional appliances: i. Activator, Oral Screens, Frankels function regulator, bionator twin blocks, lip bumper ii. Inclined planes – upper and lower	3 Hours
11.	Orthodontic Management of Cleft Lip and Palate	2 Hours
12.	Principles of Surgical Orthodontics a. Maxillary Prognathism and Retrognathism b. Mandibular Prognathism and Retrognathism c. Anterior open bite and deep bite d. Cross bite	2 Hours
13.	Principle, Differential Diagnosis and Methods of Treatment of: a. Midline diastema b. Cross bite c. Open bite d. Deep bite e. Spacing f. Crowding g. Class II – Division 1, Division 2 h. Class III – Malocclusion – True and Pseudo Class III	3 Hours
14.	Retention and Relapse Definition, Need for retention, Causes of relapse, Methods of retention, Different types of retention devices, Duration of retention, Theories of retention	2 Hours
15.	Ethics	1 Hour
16.	Genetic in Orthodontics	1 Hour
17.	Computers in Orthodontics	1 Hour
18.	Adult Orthodontics in brief	1 Hour

 CLINICALS AND PRATICALS IN ORTHODONTICS DURING IV B.D.S – 130 Hours

 CLINICAL TRAINING DURING IV B.D.S

1. Case History Training
2. Case Discussion
3. Discussion on the given topic
4. Cephalometric tracings
   1. Down’s Analysis
   2. Steiner’s Analysis
   3. Tweed’s Analysis

 PRATICAL TRAINING DURING IV YEAR B.D.S

1. Adam’s Clasp on Anterior teeth Gauge 0.7mm
2. Modified Adam’s Clasp on upper arch Gauge 0.7mm
3. High Labial bow with Apron spring on upper arch (Gauge of Labial bow – 0.9mm, Apron Spring – 0.3mm)
4. Coffin spring on upper arch Gauge 1mm
5. Appliance Construction in Acrylic
   1. Upper and lower Hawley’s Appliance
   2. Upper Hawley’s with Anterior bite plane
   3. Upper Habit breaking Appliance
   4. Upper Hawley’s with Posterior bite plane with ‘Z’ spring
   5. Lower inclined plane / Catalan’s Appliance
   6. Upper Expansion plate with Expansion Screw
   7. Construction of Activator

 RECOMMENDED AND REFERENCE BOOKS

1. Contemporary Orthodontics – William R Proffit
2. Orthodontics for Dental Students – White and Gradiner
3. Handbook for Dental Students – Movers
4. Orthodontics – Principles and Practice – Graber
5. Design, Construction and Use of Removable Orthodontic Appliances – C. Philip Adams
6. Clinical Orthodontics: Vol 1 & 2 – Salzmann
7. Orthodontics – Graber and Swine

 SCHEME OF EXAMINATION OF B.D.S (ORTHODONTICS)

Total Theory Marks – 100 Marks

Theory Written Examination – 70 Marks

Vivavoce – 20 Marks

Internal Assessment – 10 Marks

Total – 100 Marks

Theory Written Examination– 70 Marks

Type of Questions	Marks	Total
Long Essays – 2	2 x 10	20
Short Essays – 8	8 x 5	40
Short Answers – 5	5 x 2	10
Total		70

Clinical Examination – 100 Marks

University Clinical Examination – 90 Marks

Internal Assessment – 10 Marks

Total 100 Marks

University Clinical Examination – 90 Marks

Clinical Work	Marks	Total
Spotters – 10 Nos	10 x 3	30
Wire Bending – 3 Exercises a. Labial Bow – b. Adams Clasp c. Fingers Spring / Z Spring	15 Marks 15 Marks 10 Marks	40
Clinical Case Discussion		20
Total		90

MDS  – ORTHODONTICS & DENTOFACIAL ORTHOPAEDICS

Part-I

Paper-I: Applied Basic Sciences: Applied anatomy, Physiology, Dental Materials, Genetics,

Pathology, Physical Anthropology, Applied Research methodology, Bio-Statistics and

Applied Pharmacology.

Part-II

Paper-II: Orthodontic history, Concepts of occlusion and esthetics, Child and Adult Psychology,  Etiology and classification of malocclusion, Dentofacial Anomalies, Diagnostic procedures and treatment planning in Orthodontics, Practice management in Orthodontic

Paper III: Clinical Orthodontics

Paper IV: Descriptive and analyzing type question

The training programme in Orthodontics is to structure and achieve the following four objectives Knowledge of

1.  The dynamic interaction of biologic processes and mechanical forces acting on the stomatognathic system during orthodontic treatment
2.  The etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment planning of various common Orthodontic problems
3.  Various treatment modalities in Orthodontics preventive interceptive and corrective.
4.  Basic sciences relevant to the practice of Orthodontics
5.  Interaction of social, cultural, economic, genetic and environmental factors and their relevance to management of oro – facial deformities

6.  Factors affecting the long-range stability of orthodontic correction and their management
7.  Personal hygiene and infection control, prevention of cross infection and safe disposal of hospital waste, keeping in view the high prevalence of Hepatitis and HIV and other highly contagious diseases.

Skills

1.  To obtain proper clinical history, methodical examination of the patient, perform essential diagnostic procedures, and interpret them and arrive at a reasonable diagnosis about the Dentofacial deformities.

2.  To be competent to fabricate and manage the most appropriate appliance – intra or extra oral, removable or fixed, mechanical or functional, and active or passive – for the treatment of any orthodontic problem to be treated singly or as a part of multidisciplinary treatment of orofacial deformities.

Attitudes:

1.  Develop an attitude to adopt ethical principles in all aspects of Orthodontic practice.
2.  Professional honesty and integrity are to be fostered
3.  Treatment care is to be delivered irrespective of the social Status, cast, creed or colleagues
4. Willingness to share the knowledge and clinical experience with professional colleagues
5. Willingness to adopt, after a critical assessment, new methods and techniques of orthodontic management developed from time to time based on scientific research, which are in the best interest of the patient
6. Respect patients rights and privileges, including patients right to information and right to seek  a second opinion
7. Develop attitude to seek opinion from allied medical and dental specialists as and when required

Communication skills

1.  Develop adequate communication skills particularly with the patients giving them various options available to manage a particular Dentofacial problem and to obtain a true informed consent from them for the most appropriate treatment available at that point of time.

2.  Develop the ability to communicate with professional colleagues, in Orthodontics or other specialities through various media like correspondence, Internet, e-video, conference, etc. To render the best possible treatment.

Course Content

The program outlined, addresses both the knowledge needed in Orthodontics and allied Medical specialities in its

scope. A minimum of three years of formal training through a graded system of education as specifies, will equip the trainee with skill and knowledge at its completion to be able to practice basic Orthodontics and have the ability to intelligently pursue further apprenticeship towards advanced Orthodontics.

Spread of the Curriculum

Six months teaching o basic subjects including completion of pre – clinical exercises 2 ft years of coverage of all the relevant topics in Orthodontics, clinical training invoMng treatment of patients and submission of dissertation. These may be divided into blocks of 6 to 8 months duration each, depending on the training policies of each institution.

1. Applied Anatomy:
2. Physiology

III Dental materials

1. Genetics

V  Physical Anthropology

VI Pathology

VII Biostatistics

VIII. Applied research methodology in Orthodontics

1. Applied Pharmacology
2. Orthodontic history

XII Etiology and Classification of malocclusion:

XIII Dentofacial Anomalies:

XIV Child and Adult Psychology: 99

1. Diagnostic procedures and treatment planning in orthodontics

XVII. Practice management in Orthodontics

XVIII. Clinical Orthodontics Myofunctional Orthodontics

XIX Recent advances like:

©Use of implants

© Lasers

© Application of FE.M.

© Distraction Osteogenesis

Skills:

1. Pre – Clinical Exercises

A general outline of the type of exercises is given here. Every institution can decide the details of exercises under each category.

1.  General Wire bending exercises to develop the manual dexterity.
2.  Clasps, Bows and springs used in the removable appliances.
3.  Soldering and welding exercises.
4.  Fabrication of removable habit breaking, mechanical and functional appliances, also all types of space maintainors and space regainers.
5. Bonwill Hawley Ideal arch preparation.
6. Construction of orthodontic models trimmed and polished preferably as per specifications of Twe or A.B.O.
7.  Cephalometric tracing and various Analyses, also superimposrtion methods
8. Fixed appliance typhodont exercises
9. a)  Training shall be imparted in one basic technique i.e. Standard Edgewise / Begg technique or its derivative / Straight wire etc., with adequate exposure to other techniques.

1. b)  Typhodont exercise
2.  Band making
3.  Bracket positioning and placement

iii.  Different stages in treatment appropriate to technique taught

9.  Clinical photography
10.  Computerized imaging
11.  Preparation of surgical splints, and splints for TMJ problems.
12.  Handling of equipments like vacuum forming appliances and hydro solder etc

First Year

Basic Pre-Clinical Exercise Work for the MDS Students: First 6 Months

CLINICAL WORK:

Once the basic pre-clinical work is completed the students can take up clinical cases and clinical training is for the two and half years.

Each postgraduate student should start with a minimum of 50 cases of his/her own. Additionally he / she should handle a minimum of 20 transferred cases.

The type of cases can be as follows:

1.  Removable active appliances-5cases
2.  Class-I malocclusion with Crowding

iii.  Class-I malocclusion with bi-maxillary protrusion

1.  Class-ll division-1
2.  Class-ll division-2
3.  Class-Ill (Orthopedic, Surgical, Orthodontic cases)

vii.  Inter disciplinary cases

viii.  Removable functional appliance cases like activator, Bionator, functional regulator, twin block and new developments

1.  Fixed functional appliances – Herbst appliance, jasper jumper etc – 5 cases
2.  Dento-facial orthopedic appliances like head gears, rapid maxillary expansion niti expander etc., – 5 cases

1.  Appliance for arch development such as molar distalization -m 5 cases

xii.  Fixed mechano therapy cases (Begg, PEA, Tip edge, Edgewise) Retention procedures of above treated cases.

Other work to be done during FIRST YEAR

1.  Seminars: One Seminar per week to be conducted in the department. A minimum of five seminars should be presented by each student each year
2.  Journal club: One Journal club per week to re conducted in the department. A minimum of five seminars should be presented by each student each year
3.  Protocol for dissertation to be submitted on or before the end of six months from the date of admission.
4.  Under graduate classes: Around 4 – 5 classes should be handled by each post- graduate student
5.  Field survey: To be conducted and submit the report
6.  Inter-departmental meetings: should be held once in a month.
7.  Case discussions
8.  Field visits: To attend dental camps and to educate the masses
9.  Basic subjects classes
10.  Internal assessment or Term paper Second Year:

The clinical cases taken up should be followed under the guidance. More case discussions and cases to be taken up. Other routine work as follows.

1.  Seminars: One Seminar per week to be conducted in the department. Each student should present a minimum of five seminars each year.
2.  Journal club: One Journal club per week to be conducted in the department. Each student should present a minimum of five seminars each year.
3.  Library assignment to be submitted on or before the end of six months.
4. Undergraduate classes: each post-graduate student should handle Around 4-5 classes.
5. Inter-departmental meetings: Should be held once in a month
6. Case discussions
7. Field visits: To attend dental camps and to educate the masses.
8.  Internal assessment or term paper.
9. Dissertation work: On getting the approval from the university work for the dissertation to be started.

Third Year:

The clinical cases taken up should be followed under the guidance. More cases discussions and cases to be taken up. Other routine work as follows:

1.  Seminars: One Seminar per week to be conducted in the department. Each student should present aminimum of five seminars each year.
2.  Journal Club: One Journal club per week to be conducted in the departments minimum of five seminars should be presented by each student each year
3.  Under graduate classes: each post – graduate student, should handle Around 4-5 classes.
4.  Inter-departmental meetings: Should be held once in a month.
5.  The completed dissertation should be submitted six months before the final examination
6.  Case discussions
7.  Field visits: To attend dental camps and to educate the masses.
8.  Finishing and presenting the cases taken up.
9.  Preparation of finished cases and presenting the cases (to be presented for the examination)
10.  Mock examination Dissertation:
11.  The protocol for dissertation should be submitted on or before the end of six months from the date of admission as per calendar of events to the Registrar, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka, through proper channel.
12.  The completed dissertation should be submitted 6 months before the final examination as per calendar of events to the Registrar (Evaluation), Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka, through proper channel.
13.  The dissertation should not be just a repetition of a previously undertaken study but should try to explore some new aspects.
14. Approval of dissertation is essential before a candidate appears for the University examination.

Monitoring Learning Progress

It is essential to monitor the learning progress  of  each  candidate  through  continuous app and regular assessment. It not only helps teachers to evaluate students, but also students to evaluate themselves.

The monitoring be done by the staff of  the department participation of students in various teaching learning activities. It may be structured assessment be done using checklists that assess various aspects.  Checklists are given in Section IV.

UNIVERSITY SCHEME OF EXAMINATION

M.D.S. Degree examinations in any branch of study shall consist of dissertation, written paper (Theory)

Part I at the end of Ist year and Part II at the end of 3 years Practical/Clinical and Viva voce.

Theory: Part-I: Basic Sciences Paper – 100 Marks

part-II: Paper-I, Paper-II & Paper-III – 300 Marks (100 Marks for each Paper)

Written examination shall consist of Basic Sciences (Part-I) of three hours duration shall be conducted at the end of First year of MDS course. Part-II Examination shall be conducted at the end of Third year of MDS course.

Part-I : Applied Basic Sciences: Applied Anatomy, embryology, growth and development Genetics, Immunology, anthropology, Physiology, nutrition & Biochemistry, Pathology & Microbiology, virology, Applied pharmacology, Research Methodology and bio statistics, Applied Dental anatomy & histology, Oral pathology & oral Microbiology, Adult and geriatric psychology. Applied dental materials.

Part-II Examinations hall consist of Paper-I, Paper-II and Paper-III, each of three hours duration.

Paper-I & Paper-II shall consist of two long answer questions carrying 25 marks each and five questionscarrying10markseach.

Paper-IIIwillbeonEssays.InPaper-IIIthreeQuestionswillbegivenandstudenthastoansweranytwoquestions. Each question carries 50 marks. Questions on recent advances may be asked in any or all the papers. Distribution of topics for each paper will be as follows:

DISTRIBUTION OF MARKS:

Theory:

• Part I University Examination(100Marks):-

Thereshallbe10questionsof10markseach(Totalof100Marks)

• Part II(3papersof100Marks):-
• Paper-I: 2 long essay questions of 25 marks each and 5 short essays of 10 marks each. (Total of100Marks)
• Paper-II: 2 long essay questions of 25 marks each and 5 short essays of 10 marks each. (Total of100Marks)
• PaperIII:2outof3essay questions(50×2=100Marks)

PracticalandClinicalExamination:200Marks

Viva-voceandPedagogy:100Marks

1. Practical/Clinical Examination : 200Marks

No	Exercise	Marks allotted	Approximate Time
1	Functional appliance, case discussion, bite registration, fabrication and deliveringof the appliance	50	1hour 1hour
2	IIIstagemechanics/Bonding/archwirefabrication	50	1hour30min
3	Display of case records(aminimumof5patientsto be presented with all the records)	75	1hour
4	Longcases	25	2hours

C VivaVoce: 100Marks

1. Viva-Voceexamination:80marks

All examiners will conduct viva-voce conjointly on candidate’s comprehension, analytical approach expression, interpretation of data and communication skills. It includes all components of course contents. It includes presentation and discussion on dissertation also.

1. PedagogyExercise:20marks

A topic is given to each candidate in the beginning of clinical examination. He/she is asked to make a presentation on the topic for 8-10minute